Sealing compound



material of all types.

Patented Jan. 13, 1953 SEALING Coll/[POUND Albert C. Fischer and WilliamH. Walker, Chicago,

Ill.; said Walker assignor to said Fischer; Wallace C. Fischer andCecile G. Fischer, executors of said Albert C. Fischer, deceased,assignors to Servicised Products Corporation, a corporation of IllinoisNo Drawing. Application October 29, 1949, Serial No. 124,507

This invention relates to a sealing composition, and more particularlyto a sealing composition characterized by a high degree of yieldability,elasticity, cohesive force and the capability of tenacious adhesion withadjacent bodies of the same or diiierent material. These characteristicsare not afiected by extremely low temperatures and particularlytemperatures ranging as low as from to 15 F.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending applicationSerial No. 575,935, filed February 2, 1945, now U. S. Patent 2,511,830issued June 20, 1950.

One object of the present invention is to provide a sealing compositioncontaining a rubbery vegetable polymerized oil, resin constituents andsmall proportions of plasticizing agents such as I an oily flux andfillers such as asbestos dust, clay and the like.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a compositioncomprising, by weight, 26 to 35% of a rubbery vegetable polymerized oil,35 to 45% of a coumarone-indene resin, 16 to 25% of a residual asphaltoil, and the remainder fillers and pigments.

When resins such as coumarone-indene resins are employed in place of theasphalt constituent disclosed in our prior Patent 2,511,830, coloredpigmenting agents may be added for the purpose of matching any colors ofthe structural elements sought to be sealed by the composition inaccordance with the present invention; whereas in cases where asphalt isused, the sealing compound is colored black.

The present invention provides a sealing composition which requires noprimer in conjunction to effect an adhesion between the composition andthe surfaces of the spaces in which the composition is used. Theadhesion between the body of the sealing composition and the walls ismaintained under all ordinary temperature conditions. Thus thecomposition is particularly useful in the sealing of joints betweenconcrete under the severest atmospheric conditions. The sealingcomposition in accordance with the present invention may be usedeconomically in the fabrication of expansion joints for concreteconstructions. The composition may be used as a capping strip overexpansion joints or fibrous When the sealing composition is heated andpoured above the main body of the expansion joint, to the depth of oneto two inches, the adhesive force between the surfaces of the structuralsections of the ex- 4 Claims. (Cl. 260--23.3)

pansion joint is sufficient to maintain the integrity of the joint atthe upper portion thereof despite any permanent contraction of theexpansion joint material below the capping strip. Thus, the entry ofmoisture and sand into the expansion joint from the upper surface of theroadway is positively excluded by the effective seal at the uppersurface thereof. This efliciency is attained in conjunction with theeconomical use of a comparatively small amount of the sealingcomposition, namely of a depth of less than two inches in comparison tothe approximately ten or twelve inches of fibrous sheeting materialwhich occupies the remainder of the expansion joint spaced between theconcrete sections.

- The fact that an effective bond is maintained under all temperatureconditions between the contacting surfaces of the sealing compound andthe sections being sealed, without the necessity of any primingoperations, results in manufacturing economies in the fabrication andjoining of the structural sections in which such sealing medium is used.

The polymerized oil of rubbery nature, plasticizing agent, mineralfiller and the like of the composition are compounded in such a manneras to produce a homogeneous product having the texture of licoricesticks, which may be distended when pulled, but which has markedrestoring forces which render the composition ideally suited toexpansion joint uses. Aside from the strong cohesive force existingbetween the molecules of the composition to produce a'yieldable andhighly elastic substance, the material has a tacky texture which iseffective in adhesively engaging bodies of other materials such asconcrete, metal and wood to adhere thereto in the course of followingthe movements of these materials as is the case of expansion joints.Also the waterproof sealing joints obtainable with this material renderit useful in the field of contraction joints.

The new composition described herein may also be cut with suitablesolvents and emulsifying agents to produce waterproofing coatings andemulsions such as paints, damp-proofing compounds and the like.

One of the principal advantages of the present invention is theretention of the properties of the material described above, such asyieldability, elasticity, adhesive tenacity, waterproofness, etc. atfreezing temperatures, at which such products normally become brittleand lose their efficacy in the applications for which such materials areused.

The material in accordance with the present invention may be formed orextruded, or molded into diiIerent shapes which are particularly adaptedto expansion joints and keying means used in connection with suchjoints. The same may also be used in large masses which may be liquifiedby the application of a controlled amount of heat thereto preparatory tothe pouring thereof into expansion joints or other molded forms. Thismaterial is particularly useful in the field of expansion joints byvirtue of its capability of sealing the joint against the ingress ofwater to the subsoil of a pavement or roadway which is effective underall temperature conditions and which is capable of being restored to itsoriginal state and position upon the recurrence of normal temperatures.Its capability of maintaining a bond at the joining surface thereof tothe pavement sections after the melted composition is poured into thejoint and is permitted to harden assures the maintenance of theintegrity of the expansion joints in which the same is used. Thisproperty of the material, which may be designated as its "elasticallycohesive property, enables the composition to be extended to a markeddegree upon the application of forces thereto, which upon the release ofthe latter permits the material to revert to its former form, while thematerial possesses the property of adhering to surfaces adjoining itwith such tenacity that this extension takes place without releasing itshold on the surfaces in contact therewith.

The sealing composition of this invention is preferably compounded bycombining approximately 26-35% by weight of a polymerized oil, such aslinseed oil, soy bean oil, sesame oil, castor oil, rape seed oil, or thelike, 35-45% of a hardenable coumarone-indene resin and 16-25% ofresidual asphalt oil. The composition should also include finely-dividedinert fillers, preferably in an amount of between -10% by weight of thecomposition. Preferred fillers are 3-5% clay, 05-15% asbestos fibers and1.5-3.5% exfoliated vermiculite. These fillers are mixed into the massuntil a uniform consistency is obtained. If desired, a small amount of acoloring pigment may be used in place of some of the filler material.

In a preferred method of making the new compositions, the polymerizedoil and resin are mixed together at ordinary room temperature for aboutonehalf to one hour. After this mixing, the residual asphalt oil isadded and blended into the mixture until a homogeneous mass is obtained.The fillers are then mixed into the mass until the consistency isuniform. The total time required for the mixture of a batch isordinarily approximately 5 hours and the only heat employed is theself-generated heat resulting from the mixing. The residual asphalt oilis preferably heated to a temperature between approximately 260 and 280F. before being mixed into the mass and some heat is supplied by thisoil.

After the composition has set, it is packaged in boxes or bagspreparatory to shipment to the point where it is to be used. When thecomposition is used, it may be heated to increase its fluidity so thatit can be poured into crevasses, cracks or expansion joint spaces. Ifdesired, the composition can be molded in strips and placed betweenheated surfaces, or the sides of the strips may be heated in which stateit exercises its adhesive force to provide a tight bond between the 4compound and the surface or surfaces to which the composition is to bebonded.

One formula which has proven particularly useful is as follows:

Per cent Polymerized vegetable oil 32.6 Residual asphalt oil 21.6Coumarone-indene resin 38.0 Clay 4.0 Asbestos dust 1.1 Exfoliatedvermiculite 2.7

The residual asphalt oil is an oily asphalt of a viscous liquidy natureof the type from which the heavier asphalts are blown, characterized bythe following properties:

Du'ctility, 71 F., 5 cm. per min 45 cm. to 60 cm. Penetration, 32 F.,200 grms. 60 sec .66 cm.

The material is too soft to take a penetration at 770 F. with a standardneedle, and is also too soft to take a melting point reading with ringand ball.

Exfoliated vermiculite is a puifed vermiculite material having theapproximate formula The exfoliated vermiculite plaster aggregate is usedin the above composition, but if a coarser product is desired, theexfoliated vermiculite concrete aggregate may be used.

Any inert pulverized clay capable of passing an mesh screen may be usedfor the clay ingredient and any asbestos dust, preferably of the shortfiber type, such as Canadian 7R, may be used for this class of filler.

The coumarone-indene resin used in making the new composition of thisinvention is a coal tar product and is a polymerized resin prepared fromlight oil fractions of the coal tar. The fraction employed is thatdistilling between -200 C. and it is rich in indene, coumarone andhomologous bodies including the methyl derivatives. These oils arepolymerized, preferably by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid,and the unreacted naphthas are distilled off. The coumarone-indeneresins vary from semi-fluid viscous resins to plastic and hard, brittlegrades, and in color from dark brown to pale straw color. Even thehardest resins, however, become completely fluid at temperatures abovetheir melting points. In the composition of the present invention, thesofter grades of resin are preferably employed; that is, those whichremain relatively soft and plastic at temperatures as low as 0 F. orlower. The resin employed is also preferably one of the lighter coloredresins so that coloring pigments may be used to give the composition anydesired color. However, the darker ones can be em ployed, if desired,especially when the composition is to be used in installations where thedark color are not detrimental.

The sealing compound in accordance with the present invention possessthe following characteristics and properties, which may be tested in thefollowing manner.

The material shall be suitable for melting in the usual type of asphaltkettle. It shall melt easily to a pouring consistency when uniformlyheated to a temperature not exceeding 420 F. and shall adhere to thesides of the walls of monolithic material forming the joint. Thematerial shall not crack inherently or break its bond with the wallswhen exposed to low temperatures and extended.

Detailed requirements A sample of the material shall comply with thefollowing detailed requirements when the tests are applied as describedbelow:

(a) Pouring fluidity (pour Shall not exceed a temperaint) t 4 p ure of20 F. (b) Melting time Shall not exceed 1 hour. (0) Cold adhesion testPositive. (d) Flash point More than 500 F.

(e) Penetration, in centimeters at:

77 F., 150 gm., 0.45 to 0.75.

sec. 32 F., 200 gm., 60 More than 0.28.

sec. (1) Flow in centimeters: 5 0.5 maximum.

hrs. at 140 F. at 75 (a) 200 grams of material cut into approximately 1"cubes are placed in an ordinary #2 open top can (3%" diameter, 4 /2"height), submerged 3 into an oil bath maintained at 450 F. (+5). Thematerial is considered at its pour point (minimum pouring temperature)when it can be readily poured. It shall be of a uniform consistency,capable of being poured into a halfinch joint.

(b) Melting time is considered the time necessary for the material toreach its poured point.

(0) Cold adhesion test.--One cubic inch of material at room temperature(77 F.) cut from unmelted sample with a cold knife is placed between dryspecified bond test blocks free of dust. It is then compressed toone-half of its thickness and maintained in that position for six hours.

1. The material must wet the block surface and consequently an adhesivebond must result.

2. It is then cooled for one hour at 0 F., and immediately subjected toa tensile test up to 200 pounds, and it shall not break its bond.

((1) Flash point according to A. S. T. M. designation: D92-33.

(e) Penetration test.Two samples of the material shall be pouredaccording to A. S. T. M. designation D5-25 at its pour point, stirredwith hot knife and allowed to cool at room temperature for two hours,after which both are transferred to their respective baths, maintainedat 77 F. and 32 F. (+2 F.), both allowed to remain two hours, afterwhich the samples are tested for penetration with a grease cone (A. S.T. M. designation D2l7-33T) The penetration at 77 F. will be made withtotal weight of 150 grams and for a period of live seconds.

The penetration at 32 F. will be made with total weight of 200 grams andfor a period of sixty seconds. The reported penetrations shall be theaverage of at least three tests.

(1) Flow test.A portion of the molten sample shall be poured at its pourpoint into a mold placed on a clean tin panel. The dimensions of mold at/8 x 1 /2" (+.01"). It is then allowed to cool for 30 minutes at 77 F.and then trimmed. Test piece shall be maintained at 140 F. (+2) in aconstant temperature oven for five hours at an incline of The flow ofthe material is measured from start to finish in centimeters.

In applicants prior Patent 2,511,830 referred to hereinabove the claimsare directed essentially to a sealing composition comprising polymerizedoil, asphalt, asphalt oil and fillers. The invention claimed in thepresent application is concerned primarily with a sealing compositionwherein a coumarone-indene resin is used in combination with thepolymerized oil, asphalt oil and fillers.

The foregoing detailed description is given for clearness ofunderstanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understoodtherefrom, for some modifications will be obvious to those skilled inthe art.

"We claim:

1. A sealing compound comprising, by weight, 26 to 35% of a polymerizedvegetable oil, 35 to 45% of a coumarone-indene resin that is soft andplastic at 0 F., 16 to 25% of a residual asphalt oil and finely-dividedfillers.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein said fillers include clay andasbestos dust in an amount between 5 and 10% by weight of thecomposition.

3. A sealing compound comprising, by weight, 26 to 35% of a polymerizedvegetable oil, 35 to 45% of a coumarone-indene resin that is soft andplastic at 0 F., 16 to 25% of a residual asphalt oil, 5 to 10% offinely-divided fillers and a" ALBERT C. FISCHER. WILLIAM WALKER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Stewart Aug. 7, 1923 Number

1. A SEALING COMPOUND COMPRISING, BY WEIGHT, 26 TO 35% OF A POLYMERIZEDVEGETABLE OIL, 35 TO 45% OF A COUMARONE-INDENE RESIN THAT IS SOFT ANDPLASTIC AT 0* F., 16 TO 25% OF A RESIDUAL ASPHALT OIL AND FINELY-DIVIDEDFILLERS.